Patients presenting with a clinical diagnosis of acute cholecystitis or biliary pathology, marked by a positive Murphy's sign, possibly accompanied by jaundice, deranged liver function test results, and elevated leucocyte counts, underwent magnetic resonance imaging. To assess the diagnostic performance of acute cholecystitis, the metrics of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were computed. Data analysis, using SPSS version 20, encompassed both data entry and interpretation. Forty patients constituted the sample for this study. The distribution of genders within the group was as follows: 27 (675%) female and 13 (325%) male. Patient ages varied between 16 and 79 years, with an average age of 49.4 years. A considerable portion of the patients fell within the age bracket of 40 to 60 years (575%). Magnetic Resonance imaging's diagnosis of acute cholecystitis achieved extraordinary sensitivity (100%), specificity (666%), positive predictive value (944%), and negative predictive value (100%). Acute cholecystitis, coupled with gallstone disease, was encountered in 72.5% of the cases studied, displaying a sensitivity of 96.5%, specificity of 27.7%, positive predictive value of 77.7%, and negative predictive value of 75.0%. For the pre-operative assessment of acute cholecystitis in emergency situations, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) provide an exceptional method for evaluating biliary pathology.

Chronic rhinosinusitis, a disease prevalent in a significant portion of the population, causes substantial long-term health repercussions. The initial treatment strategy entails a clinical evaluation, after which empirical antibiotics are introduced. The utilization of empirical antibiotics could unfortunately exacerbate the disease, potentially resulting in the continuation of chronic sinusitis. For the creation of an antibiotic protocol for chronic rhinosinusitis, determining the bacteriological profile and the sensitive antibiotics is essential. This study aims to characterize the bacterial population found in nasal swabs of patients with persistent rhinosinusitis, and to pinpoint the antibiotics effective against the identified bacteria. A study of a cross-sectional, prospective nature was undertaken in the Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Department at a tertiary-care hospital. A patient population diagnosed clinically with chronic rhinosinusitis, and whose nasal swabs were obtained from nasal endoscopy for culture and sensitivity testing comprised the study group. Paired immunoglobulin-like receptor-B Microsoft Excel was used to input the data, which were then subjected to analysis employing the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical software. Kathmandu Medical College's Ethical Committee approved the study's ethical aspects. From the 69 samples tested, 60 (87%) exhibited growth of bacterial isolates. This included 49 (82%) Gram-positive and 11 (18%) Gram-negative isolates. Among the bacterial isolates, Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent, found in 42% of the specimens, and coagulase-negative staphylococci constituted 25%. For gram-positive isolates, amoxicillin displayed the most remarkable sensitivity. Among gram-negative isolates, the most effective antibiotics were ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, and piperacillin. We investigated the bacterial composition of sinus endoscopic nasal swabs in chronic rhinosinusitis patients and categorized antibiotic sensitivities. This study aims to improve the rationality of antibiotic prescription strategies for cases of chronic rhinosinusitis.

Gingivitis, a common condition, is defined by the inflammation of the gingival tissue. While a reversible condition, this state poses a risk of periodontal disease. The process could culminate in the exfoliation of the tooth, which compromises masticatory function, ultimately detracting from the quality of life. collective biography The gingivitis present in a pregnant woman necessitates a thorough evaluation, diligent treatment, and particular care. Records concerning the frequency of pregnancy-associated gingivitis are quite uncommon in the least developed countries. Investigating the rate of gingivitis in pregnant women during their second trimester, this study analyzed the impact of various variables including age, number of pregnancies, education level, profession, number of pregnancies, oral hygiene practices, and brushing frequency. In Kathmandu, Nepal, a descriptive, observational study was performed on 384 pregnant women in their second trimester. The interview process facilitated the collection of data pertaining to demographic variables, general information, including specifics on oral hygiene practices and habits. Full-mouth examinations were performed on patients to record plaque and gingival index values, which were taken from four sites per tooth. Pregnancy's second trimester saw a prevalence of gingivitis that reached a substantial 763%. The study's findings confirmed a statistically considerable relationship between gingivitis and the combined effects of gravida and parity. selleck chemical Gingivitis incidence demonstrated no statistical link with the variables of age, level of education, profession, oral hygiene habits, and the frequency of tooth brushing. A noteworthy prevalence of gingivitis is observed in pregnant Nepalese women. For pregnant women in the least developed countries, the introduction of targeted strategies is essential for uplifting their periodontal health.

COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) displays a spectrum of pathological and clinical organ dysfunctions in patients, presenting varying severities from asymptomatic to life-threatening outcomes. Biochemical and hematological markers may prove beneficial in the care and monitoring of COVID-19 patients. To observe the changes in blood chemistry and blood cell counts in COVID-19 positive patients at a large teaching hospital was the aim of this study. Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal, performed a descriptive cross-sectional study that included all COVID-19 positive patients who attended the hospital between December 15th, 2021, and February 15th, 2022. The analysis utilized serum biochemical and hematological parameter test results from these patients, which were previously documented in the clinical laboratory services and retrieved for analysis. MS Excel was used to enter the data, which were then analyzed using SPSS version 20. Among the 11,699 confirmed COVID-19 cases, 712 (representing 46.32% of the total) were male, and 825 (53.68% of the total) were female. In the sample of COVID-positive patients, the mean age was 40,032,008 years. In COVID-positive patients, serum SGOT, SGPT, ALP, and GGT levels were strikingly elevated, demonstrating increases of 399%, 428%, 323%, and 472%, respectively. A considerable escalation in levels of blood urea, creatinine, uric acid, and sugar was found in 63%, 561%, 331%, and 476% of the patients, respectively. Serum levels of LDH, D-dimer, CRP, and procalcitonin (PCT) demonstrated a significant rise, reaching 521%, 759%, 716%, and 612% in patients, respectively. The serum values of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, and LDL were dramatically lowered by 522%, 438%, 701%, and 603% in a significant portion of the patient population, respectively. In patients with COVID-19, a 566% reduction in red blood cell concentration and a 536% reduction in hemoglobin were observed, alongside an 807% elevation in total leukocyte count, a 879% increase in neutrophils, and a 794% decrease in lymphocytes. A subset of COVID-19 positive patients showed dramatically altered test results for numerous serum biochemical and hematological markers, notwithstanding the normal findings in many.

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) encompasses acts of abuse or harm within a close personal relationship. In industrialized and developed countries, a staggering 35% of pregnant women, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), have endured intimate partner violence, a circumstance directly associated with complications such as low birth weight, premature births, and even infant mortality. This research seeks to quantify the incidence of intimate partner violence and its association with adverse pregnancy outcomes in new mothers. A structured questionnaire, comprising 13 items from the WHO Violence against women instrument, translated into Nepali, was used to conduct a cross-sectional study among 220 postnatal mothers. Employing the consecutive sampling technique and a face-to-face interview format, data was gathered at Kathmandu Medical College teaching Hospital. Utilizing SPSS version 20, the data were subjected to analysis. Pregnancy-related intimate partner violence affected 327% of women, demonstrating at least one instance of abuse, including physical (286%), psychological (309%), and sexual (227%) forms of violence. A significant proportion, 36%, of the group delivered babies with low birth weights; 24% had preterm births; 28% suffered the loss of a baby; and 35% reported having had an abortion in a previous pregnancy. Significant associations were found between intimate partner violence and various adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth (OR = 1.143, 95% CI = 0.386–3.384, p = 0.0002), low birth weight (OR = 0.237, 95% CI = 0.093–0.602, p = 0.0001), and induced abortion (OR = 0.0021, 95% CI = 0.0003–0.0175, p = 0.0001), in binary logistic regression. Recent pregnancy experienced intimate partner violence in a third of women, a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. In order to avoid negative outcomes during pregnancy, it is crucial to highlight programs within reproductive health care that screen for intimate partner violence targeting women.

Because of the inevitable risk of COVID-19 exposure, otolaryngologists' clinical procedures and protocols were greatly modified during the pandemic. This pandemic period has prompted a study to analyze shifts in the otolaryngological clinical practices of Nepalese practitioners. In the first two weeks of December 2020, an observational study was carried out using an online survey. Registered otolaryngologists practicing in multiple provinces of Nepal received a questionnaire about changes in their clinical approach, a total of 190.